Level Shifting Using an Input-Tolerant Function

An input-tolerant function can be used for level shifting.
The input-tolerant function allows a voltage of up to the maximum operating voltage to be applied to an input while the power supply is active or at 0 V. The input-tolerant function allows level shifting from a higher voltage to a lower voltage.

Product selection options:
The 74VHC and 74LCX series can be used for conversion from 5 V to 3 V.
The 74VCX series can be used for conversion from 3 V to 1.2 V.

The following shows an equivalent circuit for a typical CMOS logic IC.

The diodes on the input side are inserted for the purpose of ESD protection.
The diode between the input and the power supply might turn on if a voltage higher than V_CC is applied or voltage is applied when the IC is off. In this case, the IC might be destroyed by the resulting large current. Device destruction can be prevented by using an IC with an input-tolerant function, i.e., an IC without a diode between the input and power supply.