1 What is a TVS diode (ESD protection diode)?

An ESD protection diode is a type of Zener diode.
When a diode is reverse-biased, little current flows from cathode to anode. However, when the reverse bias exceeds a certain point (called the reverse breakdown voltage), the reverse current suddenly increases. As the reverse bias is increased, the diode reaches a region of a constant voltage regardless of the current flowing through the diode. The breakdown voltage (Zener voltage) characteristics of Zener diodes are utilized to compose a constant-voltage regulator and suppress surge voltage. Zener voltage regulator diodes are used to maintain a constant voltage whereas ESD protection diodes are used to absorb ESD energy in order to protect an electronic circuit. 

Figure 1.1 Forward and reverse biases across a Zener diode
Figure 1.1 Forward and reverse biases across a Zener diode
Figure 1-2. Diode characteristics
Figure 1-2. Diode characteristics

1 What is a TVS diode (ESD protection diode)?

1-1 Reverse breakdown voltage
1-2 Using different types of protection diodes (ESD protection diodes and Zener diodes for overvoltage protection)
1-3 Differences between protection diodes (ESD protection diodes and surge protection Zener diodes) and diodes for constant-voltage regulation

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