Bipolar Transistors (BJTs)

There are two types of bipolar transistors: NPN type and PNP type. NPN-type products have low withstand voltage to high withstand voltage. PNP-type products with withstand voltage of 400 V or less, and particularly those with withstand voltage of 200 V or less, are mainstream.
There is an amplification function to convert small signals to large signals. The ratio of collector current IC and base current I_B (I_C/I_B) is called DC current gain, denoted as h_FE.
When small current (IB) flows from base to emitter, current of I_B x h_FE flows from collector to emitter.

BJTs are current-driven devices driven by base current.

Operation of NPN transistor
 Base current: Current from base to emitter
 Collector current: Current from collector to emitter

Operation of PNP transistor
 Base current: Current from emitter to base
 Collector current: Current from emitter to collector

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